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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Cryogenic Liquid Jets for High Repetition Rate Discovery Science

Published on: May 9, 2020

Micrometer-thickness liquid sheet jets flowing in vacuum.

Gediminas Galinis¹, Jergus Strucka¹, Jonathan C T Barnard¹

¹Quantum Optics and Laser Science Group, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|September 3, 2017

Summary

Researchers developed a novel method for creating ultra-thin, stable liquid sheet jets in vacuum. This breakthrough enables new liquid-phase experiments, such as X-ray spectroscopy, with high precision.

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Area of Science:

Physics
Materials Science
Engineering

Background:

Liquid sheet jets are crucial for advanced experiments like X-ray spectroscopy.
Key requirements include micrometer thickness, high stability, and optical flatness.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel strategy for generating thin liquid sheet jets in vacuum.
To achieve micrometer thickness, high stability, and optical flatness for precision targets.

Main Methods:

Designed and fabricated precision nozzles using high-resolution (0.2 μm) 2-photon 3D printing.
Generated liquid sheet jets in isopropanol under both atmospheric and vacuum conditions (5 × 10⁻¹ mbar).

Main Results:

Achieved liquid sheet jets with a thickness of 1.49 ± 0.04 μm.
Demonstrated stable jets with optical flatness better than λ/20.
Successfully generated jets in both normal atmosphere and vacuum.

Conclusions:

The novel 3D-printed nozzle technology enables the creation of high-quality thin liquid sheet jets.
This technology is promising for applications in X-ray spectroscopy, high harmonic generation, and laser-driven ion acceleration.
Advances precision target generation for demanding scientific experiments.