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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
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[Hypothyroidism in adults in a basic health area].

I López-Macías1, A Hidalgo-Requena1, E Pérez-Membrive2

  • 1Centro de Salud Lucena I, Lucena, Córdoba, España.

Semergen
|September 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Sub-clinical hypothyroidism is common in primary care, affecting 5.7% of adults. Many patients are over-medicated, indicating a need for improved diagnostic reviews and treatment strategies for thyroid disease.

Keywords:
Atención PrimariaHipotiroidismoHypothyroidismLevothyroxineLevotiroxinaPrevalencePrevalenciaPrimary Health Care

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder.
  • Accurate diagnosis and management are crucial for patient outcomes.
  • Prevalence and characteristics in primary care settings require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in adults.
  • To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hypothyroidism.
  • To utilize computerized clinical records for data analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study design.
  • Inclusion of 214 adult patients (≥14 years) diagnosed with hypothyroidism.
  • Data collected via clinical interviews and questionnaires.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of hypothyroidism was 5.7%.
  • Sub-clinical hypothyroidism accounted for 74.8% of cases.
  • 85.5% of patients were women; mean age was 49.71 years.
  • 53.7% lacked thyroid antibody results, yet 75.2% received levothyroxine treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Sub-clinical hypothyroidism is highly prevalent in primary care.
  • Potential for misdiagnosis and over-medication exists.
  • A review of diagnostic and treatment protocols for hypothyroidism is recommended.