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Updated: Feb 23, 2026
08:03
Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
Published on: November 4, 2025
302
A simple and accurate craniofacial midsagittal plane definition.
Moshe Noam Green1, Jonathan Michael Bloom2, Richard Kulbersh1
1School of Orthodontics, Unversity of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Mich.
Summary
This study defines an accurate craniofacial midsagittal plane (MSP) using the nasion, basion, and incisive foramen. This simple, clinically applicable method improves 3D cephalometric analyses.
Area of Science:
- Craniofacial anatomy
- 3D cephalometry
- Biomedical imaging
Background:
- Establishing an accurate craniofacial midsagittal plane (MSP) is crucial for 3D cephalometric analysis.
- Existing methods may be influenced by asymmetry or lack simplicity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To define an ideal craniofacial midsagittal plane (MSP).
- To derive a simple, accurate clinical approximation for the MSP.
Main Methods:
- Collected 3D coordinates of 14 landmarks from 60 adolescent patients.
- Determined the MSP of best fit by minimizing landmark distances.
- Compared various 3-point planes to the MSP of best fit.
Main Results:
- Central landmarks were more coplanar and accurate than lateral landmark midpoints.
- The plane defined by nasion, basion, and incisive foramen closely approximated the MSP of best fit.
Conclusions:
- The nasion-basion-incisive foramen plane is recommended for skull orientation and 3D cephalometric analysis.
- This plane offers high accuracy, simplicity, and is unaffected by asymmetry.
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