Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 23, 2026
![Dynamic Imaging of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with [18F]Tetrafluoroborate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F62334.jpg&w=3840&q=50)
09:34
Dynamic Imaging of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells with [18F]Tetrafluoroborate Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
Published on: February 17, 2022
3.9K
Norepinephrine Transporter as a Target for Imaging and Therapy.
Neeta Pandit-Taskar1, Shakeel Modak2
1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York pandit-n@mskcc.org.
Summary
Norepinephrine transporter (NET) theranostics, like 123I/131I-MIBG, target neuroendocrine tumors. While useful for imaging and some treatment, outcomes are suboptimal, prompting research into improved NET-targeting agents and PET tracers.
Area of Science:
- Nuclear medicine
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- The norepinephrine transporter (NET) is crucial for norepinephrine uptake and a target for neuroendocrine tumor theranostics.
- Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is a widely used NET-targeting agent for imaging and therapy, particularly in neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an overview of NET as a theranostic target in neuroendocrine tumors.
- To review the current clinical applications of NET-targeting agents.
- To discuss strategies for enhancing theranostic outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on NET-targeting theranostics.
- Analysis of the clinical utility of 123I/131I-MIBG in neuroendocrine tumors.
- Exploration of emerging PET tracers and combination therapies.
Main Results:
- 123I-MIBG is a standard for neuroblastoma imaging.
- 131I-MIBG offers limited palliative benefit for neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma.
- Current therapeutic outcomes for NET-targeted theranostics remain suboptimal.
Conclusions:
- NET remains a promising target for neuroendocrine tumor theranostics.
- Improved therapeutic efficacy requires novel approaches, including advanced imaging and combination therapies.
- PET tracers offer potential for more convenient imaging and post-treatment assessment.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:21Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake
1.7K
Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
1.7K
01:27Adrenergic Neurons: Neurotransmission
5.5K
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers (except those supplying the sweat glands) releasing noradrenaline or norepinephrine are called noradrenergic or adrenergic neurons. Noradrenaline, dopamine, adrenaline, or epinephrine are collectively called "catecholamines" as they contain a catechol moiety and an amine side chain. The five stages of neurotransmitter release involve their synthesis, storage, release, reuptake and metabolism.
Synthesis: Catecholamine synthesis requires tyrosine, which...
Synthesis: Catecholamine synthesis requires tyrosine, which...
5.5K
01:27Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors
4.4K
Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
4.4K
01:30Adrenergic Agonists: Direct-Acting Agents
3.0K
Drugs that mimic the action of endogenous catecholamines like noradrenaline and adrenaline are called adrenergic agonists or sympathomimetics. Based on their mechanism of action, sympathomimetics can be classified as direct-, indirect-, or mixed-acting sympathomimetics. Direct-acting adrenergic agonists activate adrenoceptors without affecting presynaptic neurons, making them independent of neuronal catecholamine-depleting agents like reserpine and guanethidine.
These agents can be classified...
These agents can be classified...
3.0K
01:25Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents
2.9K
Indirect-acting adrenergic agonists potentiate the effects of endogenous catecholamines through different mechanisms without directly binding to adrenoceptors.
One mechanism involves depleting stored catecholamines by displacing them from synaptic vesicles. These agents, known as "displacers," are transported into vesicles at the expense of noradrenaline. Examples include amphetamine and tyramine, which lack a catechol moiety, resulting in prolonged action, improved oral...
One mechanism involves depleting stored catecholamines by displacing them from synaptic vesicles. These agents, known as "displacers," are transported into vesicles at the expense of noradrenaline. Examples include amphetamine and tyramine, which lack a catechol moiety, resulting in prolonged action, improved oral...
2.9K
01:29Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis
2.3K
Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase,...
2.3K