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Self-harm and suicide attempts in Schizophrenia.

Kiran Jakhar1, Ram Pratap Beniwal1, Triptish Bhatia2

  • 1Dept. Of Psychiatry, Centre of Excellence in Mental Health, PGIMER-Dr. R.M.L. Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Asian Journal of Psychiatry
|September 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with schizophrenia face a higher suicide risk. This study found that 10% of outpatients attempted suicide, often within the first year of illness, with older age and severe illness being key factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Suicide risk is elevated in schizophrenia patients compared to the general population.
  • Multiple factors contribute to suicide risk in individuals with schizophrenia.
  • This study focused on self-harm and suicide attempt risks in schizophrenia outpatients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of self-harm and suicide attempts in schizophrenia outpatients.
  • To identify socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with suicide risk in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluated 270 schizophrenia patients for various risks.
  • Utilized the Ram Manohar Lohia Risk Assessment Interview (RML-RAI).
  • Further assessed factors in 61 patients reporting self-harm risk using clinical details and the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS).
Keywords:
GAFRiskSchizophreniaSelf-harmSuicide

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Main Results:

  • Reported self-harm risk was 22.59%, with 10% having attempted suicide.
  • Older age and lower Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores were linked to suicide attempts.
  • Most attempts occurred early in the illness (within the first year).
  • Common methods included insecticide ingestion, medication overdose, hanging, or jumping.

Conclusions:

  • 10% of the hospital-based schizophrenia sample attempted suicide, with over 55% occurring within the first year of illness.
  • Suicide attempters were older and had more severe schizophrenia than non-attempters.
  • Positive symptoms were significantly associated with suicide attempts.