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Varicoceles: prevalence and pathogenesis in adult men
Raul I Clavijo1, Robert Carrasquillo1, Ranjith Ramasamy1
1Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
Abstract:
Varicocele, or dilation of the pampiniform venous plexus, affects up to 15% of men. However, few of these men encounter problems with fertility. This discrepancy between men with varicocele and the number of adversely affected men has led to abundant research to identify the mechanisms for formation of varicocele as well as the pathologic mechanisms by which varicoceles affect fertility potential. In this review, we discuss the prevalence of varicocele in adults, the anatomic features of varicocele, the leading theories as to how varicocele can negatively affect fertility potential, and finally, the current literature on the impact of varicocele on testosterone production.
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