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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

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Developing an emergency department crowding dashboard: A design science approach.

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Summary

This study developed a real-time dashboard to monitor emergency department (ED) crowding. The tool provides critical insights for ED staff to manage patient flow and mitigate crowding effects.

Keywords:
CrowdingDashboardData analysisDesign science researchED managementEmergency department

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Area of Science:

  • Health Informatics
  • Operations Research
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Emergency departments (EDs) are complex adaptive systems.
  • Analyzing real-time patient flow data is crucial for ED operations.
  • Intuitive data presentation is needed for effective ED management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a dashboard for real-time monitoring of ED crowding.
  • To provide actionable insights for ED staff.
  • To improve the management of ED operations.

Main Methods:

  • Design science research methodology was employed.
  • A modified Delphi study identified key crowding indicators.
  • The dashboard was implemented using the R package Shinydashboard.

Main Results:

  • A dashboard was successfully developed, incorporating desired crowding indicators and patient flow metrics.
  • The dashboard was validated using data from a Flemish ED.
  • The system met all predefined requirements.

Conclusions:

  • The developed dashboard offers real-time ED crowding information.
  • This enables ED staff to implement timely corrective actions.
  • The tool aims to prevent adverse effects associated with ED crowding.