Epidemiology of preterm birth

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Public Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Preterm birth is a significant global health issue, with 15 million cases annually.
• Despite a recent decline in the United States, approximately 1 in 10 US infants are born preterm.
• Significant variations exist in preterm birth rates, gestational age, and causes across racial, ethnic, and geographic groups.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the epidemiology of preterm birth globally and within the United States.
• To analyze temporal trends in preterm birth rates.
• To highlight racial, ethnic, and geographic disparities in preterm birth.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of epidemiological studies on preterm birth.
• Analysis of global and US incidence data.
• Examination of temporal trends and subgroup variations.

Main Results:

• Preterm birth remains a major global health concern.
• The United States has seen a modest decline in preterm birth rates.
• Substantial disparities persist across racial, ethnic, and geographic lines.

Conclusions:

• Understanding preterm birth epidemiology is crucial for targeted interventions.
• Addressing disparities is essential to reduce the global burden of preterm birth.
• Continued monitoring of trends and disparities is necessary.