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How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns
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The effects of preterm birth on visual development.

Myra Ps Leung1, Benjamin Thompson1,2, Joanna Black1

  • 1School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Clinical & Experimental Optometry
|September 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Children born very preterm face higher risks of vision and brain development issues. Early detection of common visual deficits is crucial, but subtle cortical processing problems may require further investigation.

Keywords:
cortical processingmotion perceptionpreterm, retinopathy of prematurityvisuomotor integration

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Children born very preterm exhibit increased risks for abnormal visual and neurological development compared to full-term infants.
  • Preterm birth is linked to retinopathy of prematurity and can impact brain structures crucial for visual information processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight vision problems in preterm children beyond those typically detected by routine screenings.
  • To emphasize the potential long-term impact of visual processing deficits on learning, attention, and cognition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on visual and neurological development in preterm infants.
  • Analysis of common and less-detected visual impairments associated with preterm birth.
  • Exploration of the link between visual processing deficits and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Main Results:

  • While common visual deficits (e.g., reduced acuity, strabismus) are often identified, subtle issues like impaired contrast sensitivity and cortical processing deficits may be missed.
  • Impairments in dorsal stream visual functions, such as motion perception and visuomotor integration, can persist into adolescence and adulthood.
  • These visual impairments may contribute to learning difficulties (reading, math), attention deficits, and cognitive challenges in individuals born preterm.

Conclusions:

  • Routine vision screening may not capture all visual deficits in preterm children.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of visual impairment is vital for developing targeted interventions.
  • Addressing these visual challenges could improve overall neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm infants.