Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 23, 2026
Endotracheal Intubation Using a Flexible Intubation Endoscope as a Standardized Model for Safe Airway Management in Swine
Published on: August 25, 2022
Intubation-associated pneumonia: An integrative review
Ana Sabrina Sousa1, Cândida Ferrito2, José Artur Paiva3
1Hospital de S.João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital, Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal; Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Intubation-associated pneumonia, often caused by micro-aspiration, has decreasing incidence in Europe but still poses risks. Further research is needed to improve diagnosis and management of this condition.
Area of Science:
- Medical Science
- Infectious Diseases
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Intubation-associated pneumonia (IAP) is a significant nosocomial infection.
- Understanding IAP's characteristics is crucial for patient care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize intubation-associated pneumonia.
- To review its diagnosis, causes, risk factors, consequences, and incidence.
Main Methods:
- Integrative literature review.
- Searched PubMed and B-on databases, and organizational websites.
- Included 17 documents after quality assessment.
Main Results:
- IAP has a multifactorial etiology, primarily micro-aspiration of gastric and oropharyngeal contents.
- Diagnostic criteria (clinical, radiological, microbiological) lack accuracy.
- Incidence is decreasing in Europe but remains impactful.
Conclusions:
- European countries are implementing infection control programs.
- Further efforts are needed to minimize IAP's effects.
- Lack of consensus on diagnosis, risk factors, and incidence is a limitation.
More Related Videos
07:15Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation
Published on: December 5, 2025
08:00Intubation-mediated Intratracheal IMIT Instillation: A Noninvasive, Lung-specific Delivery System
Published on: November 17, 2014
Related Concept Videos
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
01:17Endotracheal Intubation II: Nursing Management
1. Nursing Care of Patients Before Intubation
Before the endotracheal intubation procedure, nurses play an essential role in ensuring the process goes smoothly. The nurses must be familiar with intubation...
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
01:15Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...
01:28Pneumonia IV: Management
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
01:29Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology