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Vaccines against Botulism.

Grace Sundeen1, Joseph T Barbieri2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. gsundeen@mcw.edu.

Toxins
|September 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) vaccines are under development to replace a discontinued formalin-inactivated vaccine. Research explores DNA-based, viral vector-based, and recombinant protein vaccines for botulism prevention.

Keywords:
botulinum neurotoxinsbotulismgenetically inactivated toxoidsplasmid vectorstoxoidsvaccinesviral vectors

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) cause flaccid paralysis by inhibiting acetylcholine release.
  • Seven BoNT serotypes exist, with limited therapies and no FDA-approved vaccine for botulism.
  • A previously used formalin-inactivated penta-serotype-BoNT/A-E toxoid vaccine was discontinued due to loss of potency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel vaccine candidates for botulism prevention.
  • To discuss the development of alternatives to the discontinued BoNT toxoid vaccine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on emerging BoNT vaccine technologies.
  • Analysis of DNA-based, viral vector-based, and recombinant protein vaccine strategies.

Main Results:

  • DNA-based vaccines utilize genes encoding BoNT heavy chain receptor binding domains (HC).
  • Viral vectors under investigation include adenovirus, influenza, rabies, Semliki Forest, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis viruses.
  • Recombinant protein vaccines explore HC, light chain-heavy chain translocation domains, and inactivated holotoxins.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple advanced vaccine platforms are being developed to address the need for effective botulism prevention.
  • These novel approaches aim to overcome the limitations of previous vaccine strategies.