Prolonged toilet training in children with Down syndrome: a case-control study
Flávia Cristina de Carvalho Mrad1, André Avarese de Figueiredo2, José de Bessa3
1Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Departamento de Cirurgia, Núcleo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Urologia (NIPU), Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Departamento de Pediatria, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Jornal De Pediatria
|September 5, 2017
Summary
Children with Down syndrome take significantly longer to complete toilet training compared to typically developing peers. This prolonged process did not correlate with urinary issues or constipation.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Developmental Psychology
- Urology
Background:
- Children with Down syndrome (DS) often experience delayed psychomotor development, impacting toilet training.
- Understanding toilet training timelines and methods is crucial for supporting children with DS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare toilet training onset and completion ages in children with DS versus typically developing children.
- To evaluate toilet training methods and their association with lower urinary tract symptoms and functional constipation in children with DS.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 93 children with DS and 204 controls (2010-2015).
- Parental questionnaires assessed toilet training processes.
- Standardized tools evaluated lower urinary tract symptoms and functional constipation.
Main Results:
- Children with DS started toilet training later (mean 22.8 months) and completed it significantly later (mean 56.2 months) than controls (17.5 and 27.1 months, respectively).
- The child-oriented approach was the most common method in both groups.
- No association was found between training duration and lower urinary tract symptoms or functional constipation.
Conclusions:
- Children with Down syndrome require a longer duration for toilet training.
- Further prospective longitudinal research is needed to fully understand toilet training in this population.
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