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HMGB1 values and response to HBV vaccine in children with celiac disease
Sara Manti1, Caterina Cuppari1, Giuseppe F Parisi2
1Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Genetics and Immunology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Insights
Children with celiac disease (CD) show a reduced response to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels were higher in non-responders, suggesting HMGB1 as a potential marker for inadequate HBV vaccination response in CD.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pediatrics
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Celiac disease (CD) presents with clinical variability and can impair immune responses.
- Individuals with CD often exhibit a diminished response to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine compared to healthy individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a potential biomarker for inadequate HBV vaccine response in children diagnosed with CD.
- To assess HMGB1 levels before initiating a gluten-free diet in pediatric CD patients.
Main Methods:
- Recruited 49 children diagnosed with CD.
- Measured serum HMGB1 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at the time of HBV immunization assessment.
- Analyzed HMGB1 levels in relation to HBV vaccine response, disease presentation, and HLA haplotype.
Main Results:
- Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in non-responders compared to responders (P < 0.05).
- Low responders exhibited significantly higher HMGB1 levels than high responders (P < 0.001).
- Elevated HMGB1 values were detected in the typical form of CD compared to atypical or silent forms (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
- High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) may serve as a novel marker indicating immune impairment.
- HMGB1 levels can potentially reflect the failure of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in patients with celiac disease.
- This finding highlights HMGB1's role in understanding vaccine response variability in CD.
Objectives:
In addition to its wide clinical variability, celiac disease (CD) can also cause a lower response to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) than healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to examine high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a new potential marker of an inadequate response to HBV vaccine in children with CD at diagnosis before starting a gluten-free diet.
Methods:
We recruited 49 children with CD who were tested at admission for immunization against HBV. Serum HMGB1 levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test.
Results:
Serum HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in nonresponders than in responders (P < 0.05). In the responders group in particular, with reference to the titer of vaccine response, we found a significantly higher serum HMGB1 level in the low responders (P < 0.001). We detected statistically significant higher values of HMGB1 in the typical form of disease presentation than in the atypical or silent form (P < 0.05). In the typical form, we showed even significantly higher HMGB1 values in low responders than in high responders (P < 0.001). With regard to the HLA haplotype and serum HMGB1 levels, any statistically significant difference was detected (P > 0.05).
Conclusions:
In patients with CD, HMGB1 could represent a new marker that is able to reflect the immune impairment that results in failure of the HBV vaccination.
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