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Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Advanced 3D Liver Models for In vitro Genotoxicity Testing Following Long-Term Nanomaterial Exposure
Published on: June 5, 2020
A two-step model of TiO2 nanoparticle toxicity in human liver tissue
T Laomettachit1, I K Puri2, M Liangruksa3
1Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand; Theoretical and Computational Physics (TCP) Group, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
Abstract:
We examine the toxicity of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on human liver through a two-step approach, including a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model and a cell-response model. The PBPK model predicts the bio-distribution of nanoparticles that remain in the human body after exposure, with special attention to their accumulation in liver tissue. The cell-response model predicts liver cell death as a consequence of the accumulated TiO2 nanoparticles by considering cell fate dynamics through the interplay between cellular uptake of the nanoparticles and their dilution due to cell division. The results suggest that tissue damage from a low nanoparticle dose is negligible due to renewal cell division, but for higher doses larger fractions of cells must participate in the cell cycle to recover the original tissue mass. By combining the two models, it becomes possible to explain the liver cell viability and cell death after TiO2 nanoparticle exposure.
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