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Caffeine and Physiological Responses to Submaximal Exercise: A Meta-Analysis.

Mark Glaister, Conor Gissane

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

|September 6, 2017

Summary

Caffeine supplementation significantly increases minute ventilation, blood lactate, and blood glucose during submaximal exercise. This meta-analysis suggests these physiological changes may explain caffeine

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Area of Science:

Exercise Physiology
Nutritional Biochemistry

Background:

Caffeine is a widely recognized ergogenic aid for high-intensity exercise.
The precise physiological mechanisms underlying caffeine's performance-enhancing effects remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and meta-analyze the impact of caffeine supplementation on physiological responses during submaximal exercise.
To elucidate potential mechanisms for caffeine's ergogenic effects by examining its influence on key physiological markers.

Main Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 26 double-blind, randomized crossover studies.
Inclusion criteria: sustained submaximal exercise (60-85% VO2max) with standardized caffeine dosage (3-6 mg·kg⁻¹) and timing (30-90 min pre-exercise).
Random-effects model used for meta-analyses, presenting raw mean differences with 95% confidence limits.

Keywords:

adenosine receptor endurance exercise ergogenic aids methylxanthine

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Main Results:

Caffeine significantly increased minute ventilation (3.36 L·min⁻¹), blood lactate (0.69 mmol·L⁻¹), and blood glucose (0.42 mmol·L⁻¹).
Caffeine significantly reduced ratings of perceived exertion (-0.8).
No significant effects were observed on heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, or oxygen consumption.

Conclusions:

Caffeine supplementation demonstrably alters key physiological responses during submaximal exercise.
Increased ventilation, lactate, and glucose, alongside reduced perceived exertion, may contribute to caffeine's ergogenic benefits.
These findings provide physiological insights into how caffeine enhances exercise performance.