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Intelligence and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Review
Vanessa K de L Ferreira1, Marcelo S Cruz1
1Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Summary
Prenatal alcohol exposure is linked to reduced general intelligence, affecting both verbal and non-verbal abilities in individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Working memory, crucial for mathematical skills, shows a notable decline.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Public Health
Background:
- Conflicting research exists on intelligence deficits in individuals with fetal alcohol exposure.
- Some studies indicate significant impairment, while others show results comparable to the general population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize findings on intelligence in individuals diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD).
Main Methods:
- An integrative literature review of indexed articles published within the last decade.
- Selection of 37 articles after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Main Results:
- Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with impaired general intelligence, encompassing both verbal and non-verbal domains.
- A consistent trend indicates a greater reduction in the Freedom from Distractibility/Working Memory Index of Wechsler Scales.
Conclusions:
- Intelligence reduction in FASD appears to follow a continuum mirroring the spectrum's severity.
- The diminished Freedom from Distractibility/Working Memory Index suggests a pronounced deficit in mathematical abilities.