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Fever in snails, reflection on a negative result.

M Cabanac, Y Rossetti

    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Snails (Limnaea auricularia) did not develop a fever when exposed to fever-inducing substances, suggesting fever evolved after molluscs but before arthropods.

    Area of Science:

    • Comparative physiology
    • Evolutionary biology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • Fever is a conserved physiological response to infection in many animals.
    • The evolutionary origins of fever are not fully understood.
    • Understanding when fever emerged can shed light on its biological significance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the fever response in a primitive invertebrate model.
    • To determine if aquatic snails exhibit fever when exposed to pyrogenic substances.
    • To infer the evolutionary timeline of fever based on invertebrate responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Aquatic snails (Limnaea auricularia) were exposed to a temperature gradient to measure their preferred temperature.
    • Snails were injected with killed Escherichia coli, bacterial endotoxin, human interleukin, and prostaglandins (E1, E2, F2 alpha).

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  • Body temperature changes in response to injections were monitored.

    • Main Results:

    • Snails did not exhibit a fever response after injection with bacterial components or interleukins.
    • Prostaglandins E1, E2, and F2 alpha did not induce fever.
    • High doses of prostaglandins were found to be toxic to the snails.

    Conclusions:

    • The absence of fever in Limnaea auricularia suggests that this response may not have been present in early molluscs.
    • Fever likely evolved later in evolutionary history, after the divergence of molluscs and before the emergence of arthropods.
    • These findings provide insights into the evolutionary trajectory of thermoregulation and immune responses.