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Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Protocol for the Direct Conversion of Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts into Trophoblast Stem Cells

Protocol for the Direct Conversion of Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts into Trophoblast Stem Cells

Published on: July 25, 2016

Comprehensive transcriptome mining of the direct conversion of mesodermal cells.

Bijan Akbari¹, Ping Wee², Moein Yaqubi³

¹Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Scientific Reports

|September 7, 2017

Summary

This study analyzed direct cell reprogramming for regenerative medicine. Researchers identified gene markers for initiating and maturing mesodermal cells and key transcription factors to improve reprogramming efficiency.

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Regenerative Medicine
Genomics

Background:

Direct reprogramming of somatic cells offers a promising avenue for regenerative medicine, particularly for generating mesoderm-derived cells.
Meta-analysis of high-throughput expression data enhances understanding and efficiency of cellular reprogramming processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the direct reprogramming of mesodermal cells in humans and mice using a meta-analysis of 27 expression datasets.
To identify gene expression patterns indicative of reprogramming initiation and cell maturation.
To identify key transcription factors (TFs) involved in mesodermal cell reprogramming.

Main Methods:

Meta-analysis of 27 high-throughput gene expression datasets from human and mouse studies.
Analysis of gene expression patterns, including up- and down-regulated genes.
Integration of protein-DNA interaction data to identify and rank transcription factors.

Main Results:

Identified common gene expression patterns associated with the suppression of fibroblast-specific programs, serving as markers for reprogramming initiation.
Discovered unique gene expression profiles for different fibroblast-derived cell types, useful as maturation markers.
Identified and ranked key transcription factors regulating mesodermal cell conversion based on gene regulatory networks.

Conclusions:

The meta-analysis provides novel insights into direct mesodermal somatic cell conversion.
Generated lists of genes for marking reprogramming initiation and maturation.
Identified specific transcription factors that, upon manipulation, could enhance direct conversion efficiency for regenerative applications.