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Updated: Feb 23, 2026

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Genomic-based-breeding tools for tropical maize improvement.

Thammineni Chakradhar1, Vemuri Hindu2, Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy3

  • 1Sehgal Foundation, C/o International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 324, Telangana, India. drthammineni@gmail.com.

Genetica
|September 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Genomic technologies accelerate tropical maize breeding for marginal environments. Advanced tools improve yields and address genetic challenges, boosting food security for small-scale farmers.

Keywords:
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS)Genomic selection (GS)Informatics toolsMaizeNext generation sequencing (NGS)PhenotypingQTL-seq

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Breeding
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Tropical maize is a vital staple in Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, yet yields are critically low (<3 tons/hectare) due to poor agro-climatic conditions.
  • Despite increasing demand for maize as food, feed, and fuel, genetic gains in tropical maize breeding remain limited, especially for marginal environments.
  • Traditional breeding methods and early heterosis breeding have shown some success, but further advancements are needed to meet regional needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review genomic technologies and their application in improving agronomic traits for tropical maize breeding.
  • To highlight how modern molecular approaches can overcome challenges in tropical maize production.
  • To emphasize the potential of integrating advanced genetic resources and genomic tools for maize improvement in developing countries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current genomic technologies, including sequencing and genotyping.
  • Discussion of modern breeding approaches like genomic selection, genome-wide association studies, and bulk segregant analysis-based sequencing.
  • Exploration of advanced genetic resources such as nested association mapping and backcross nested association mapping.

Main Results:

  • Genomic technologies offer precision in maize breeding programs, enabling efficient identification and introgression of superior alleles for complex traits.
  • These advanced approaches, combined with genetic resources, can effectively address genetic issues hindering maize improvement in developing nations.
  • Harnessing the diversity of tropical maize and doubled haploid technology with next-generation genomics can accelerate production in tropical and subtropical regions.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic tools are crucial for enhancing tropical maize breeding, particularly for improving yields in marginal environments.
  • Precision phenotyping is essential for the success of any molecular breeding strategy in maize.
  • The integration of genomic technologies presents a significant opportunity to boost maize production and support small-scale farmers in developing countries.