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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Loose Connective Tissue01:26

Loose Connective Tissue

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Loose connective tissue is found between many organs. Its main function is to absorb shock and bind tissues together. It also allows water, salts, and various nutrients to diffuse into cells that are embedded in it or present in adjacent tissues.
Adipose Tissue
Adipose tissue consists primarily of fat storage cells called adipocytes and little extracellular matrix. A large number of capillaries present within adipose tissue allow rapid mobilization of lipid molecules. White adipose tissue is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells
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Adipose Tissue-Resident Regulatory T Cells.

Fuxiang Zhu1, Aiting Wang2,3, Yangyang Li4,5

  • 1Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|September 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in visceral fat suppress inflammation and defend against metabolic disorders. These CD4+ T cells inhibit effector T cells and promote beneficial macrophage phenotypes.

Keywords:
Obesity-associated metabolic disordersVAT Tregs

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Author Spotlight: Semi-Automated Isolation of the Stromal Vascular Fraction from Murine White Adipose Tissue Using a Tissue Dissociator
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Adipose Tissue Biology

Background:

  • Obesity triggers visceral adipose tissue inflammation via M1 macrophages and effector T cells (Th1, CD8+).
  • These immune cells release pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) and interferon-γ, worsening inflammation.
  • Tissue-resident immune cells are crucial for tissue function and homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding adipose tissue-resident regulatory T cells (Tregs).
  • To highlight the role of Tregs in suppressing adipose tissue inflammation.
  • To discuss Treg mechanisms in maintaining immune homeostasis and combating metabolic disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on adipose tissue-resident Tregs.
  • Analysis of Treg function in modulating immune cell infiltration and macrophage polarization.
  • Examination of Treg-mediated lipid uptake via CD36/PPARγ pathway.

Main Results:

  • Visceral adipose tissue Tregs are key in preventing obesity-associated metabolic disorders.
  • Tregs suppress effector T cell infiltration and promote M1 to M2 macrophage repolarization.
  • Tregs can internalize lipids from adipocytes through CD36, regulated by PPARγ.

Conclusions:

  • Adipose tissue-resident Tregs are critical regulators of immune responses in visceral fat.
  • Tregs play a vital role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis during obesity.
  • Further research into Tregs offers therapeutic potential for metabolic diseases.