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Coco Bernard1, Audrey McKinlay2, David Krieser3

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Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in young children presents with post-concussive symptoms (PCSs) that differ subtly by age. Early identification is key for optimal pediatric care.

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Childrenclosed head injuryconcussionmild traumatic brain injuryoutcomepost-concussive symptoms

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric neurology
  • Trauma care
  • Child psychology

Background:

  • Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common in young children.
  • Limited research exists on post-concussive symptoms (PCSs) in children under eight.
  • Controlling for pre-injury symptoms and trauma effects is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify PCSs differentiating mTBI from trauma controls in children early post-injury.
  • Examine age-related differences in PCSs between preschool and school-aged children.

Main Methods:

  • 101 children aged 2-12 presenting to an emergency department were studied.
  • Participants were categorized into preschool and school-aged groups.
  • PCSs were assessed via parent-reported structured interviews within 72 hours post-injury.

Main Results:

  • Children with mTBI reported significantly more symptoms than trauma controls (p < 0.001).
  • Preschool and school-aged children reported a similar overall number of symptoms.
  • Subtle differences in symptom profiles were noted between the age groups.

Conclusions:

  • Primary care clinicians must recognize diverse PCS presentations in children of all ages.
  • Optimal care, particularly for younger children, requires awareness of age-specific symptom nuances.
  • Further research is needed to refine symptom identification methods in pediatric populations.