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Lipophilic fractions from the marine sponge Halichondria sitiens decrease secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by

Xiaxia Di1,2, Jon T Oskarsson2,3,4, Sesselja Omarsdottir1

  • 1a Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland.

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Marine sponge Halichondria sitiens fractions exhibit anti-inflammatory effects on dendritic cells (DCs), reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th1 immune response. This research uncovers novel immunomodulatory properties of marine natural products.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Marine Natural Products Chemistry
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Marine sponges, including Halichondria species, are known sources of bioactive compounds.
  • Previous research has not reported immunomodulatory activities for Halichondria species.
  • This study investigates the potential immunomodulatory effects of Halichondria sitiens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of fractions and compounds isolated from Halichondria sitiens.
  • To identify specific fractions or compounds responsible for observed immunomodulatory activities.

Main Methods:

  • Bioassay-guided isolation using chromatographic techniques to obtain active fractions/compounds from H. sitiens extracts.
  • Assessment of immunomodulatory effects by measuring cytokine secretion and surface molecule expression on dendritic cells (DCs).
  • Evaluation of DC ability to stimulate and modify CD4+ T cell cytokine secretion (e.g., IFN-γ).
  • Chemical characterization of bioactive fractions using NMR and HRMS.

Main Results:

  • Lipophilic fractions from H. sitiens significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12p40 and IL-6 secretion by DCs.
  • Specific fractions (B3b3F, B3b3J) reduced DC-induced T cell secretion of IFN-γ, indicating an impact on Th1 response.
  • Fraction B3b3 induced morphological changes in DCs, including dendrite elongation and clustering.
  • While glycerides were identified, including a new compound, they did not exhibit immunomodulatory activity themselves.

Conclusions:

  • Several lipophilic fractions from Halichondria sitiens possess anti-inflammatory properties.
  • These fractions modulate dendritic cell function, reducing their capacity to promote a Th1-type immune response.
  • The study highlights the potential of H. sitiens as a source of novel immunomodulatory agents.