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Related Concept Videos

Lateralization01:28

Lateralization

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Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
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Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

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The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice
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Development of "material-specific" hemispheric specialization from beginning to end.

Benjamin Gingras1, Claude M J Braun1

  • 1a Department of Psychology , Université du Québec à Montréal , Montreal , QC , Canada.

Laterality
|September 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Hemispheric specialization (HS) for verbal and performance intelligence (VIQ, PIQ) changes across the lifespan. Biomaturational factors significantly influence the development of material-specific HS from prenatal stages to senescence.

Keywords:
Hemispheric specializationintelligencelife spanmaterial specificunilateral lesion

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The disparity between verbal and performance intelligence (VIQ, PIQ) is a debated measure of hemispheric specialization (HS).
  • Existing research often lacks a lifespan perspective, limiting understanding of HS development.
  • The lesion method offers a unique approach to study HS from prenatal development to senescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectory of hemispheric specialization (HS) for verbal and performance intelligence (VIQ, PIQ) across the entire lifespan.
  • To determine the influence of biomaturational factors on the ontogeny of material-specific HS.
  • To analyze the relationship between lesion characteristics and changes in VIQ/PIQ patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Meta-analysis of 1917 cases with unilateral cortical focal brain lesions.
  • Inclusion of data from prenatal life to late senescence.
  • Documentation of lesion locus, volume, side, age at onset, age at symptoms, age at IQ test, epilepsy, etiology, and gender.

Main Results:

  • Hemispheric specialization (HS) was significant across the lifespan, with a changing pattern.
  • HS demonstrated a significant linear increase until late senescence.
  • Specific shifts in VIQ and PIQ localization were observed in early adulthood, with VIQ moving to the left temporal lobe and PIQ to the right parietal lobe.

Conclusions:

  • Biomaturational factors play a more critical role in the development of material-specific HS than previously understood.
  • Hemispheric specialization for intelligence functions is a dynamic process that evolves throughout the lifespan.
  • The study provides a comprehensive lifespan view of how brain lesions impact cognitive functions and hemispheric organization.