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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Food Intake01:30

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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
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Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
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Neural Regulation01:37

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
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A RAPID Method for Blood Processing to Increase the Yield of Plasma Peptide Levels in Human Blood
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Heparin Increases Food Intake through AgRP Neurons.

Canjun Zhu1, Pingwen Xu2, Yanlin He2

  • 1Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China.

Cell Reports
|September 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The anticoagulant drug heparin increases food intake and body weight gain by stimulating AgRP neurons. This suggests heparin may be a target for regulating appetite and body weight.

Keywords:
AgRPfood intakeheparininsulin receptor

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolism
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • The anticoagulant drug heparin possesses diverse biological functions beyond its blood-thinning properties.
  • Heparin's influence on energy homeostasis, including appetite and body weight regulation, remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of heparin in regulating energy homeostasis.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which heparin affects food intake and body weight.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological recordings to assess neuronal activity.
  • Pharmacological interventions to modulate heparin levels and signaling pathways.
  • Molecular biology techniques to examine gene and protein expression.
  • Chemogenetic approaches to control specific neuronal populations.

Main Results:

  • Heparin levels inversely correlate with nutritional status.
  • Heparin administration enhances food consumption and promotes weight gain.
  • Heparin stimulates Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, leading to increased AgRP release.
  • Heparin competes with insulin for binding to insulin receptors on AgRP neurons, inhibiting FoxO1 activity and promoting feeding.

Conclusions:

  • Heparin plays a significant role in regulating energy homeostasis by modulating AgRP neuron activity.
  • The interaction between heparin, insulin signaling, and FoxO1 in AgRP neurons is a key mechanism for controlling feeding behavior.
  • Heparin presents a potential therapeutic target for managing appetite and body weight.