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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
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Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells
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Identifying Targets of Human microRNAs with the LightSwitch Luciferase Assay System using 3'UTR-reporter Constructs and a microRNA Mimic in Adherent Cells

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Toward the human cellular microRNAome.

Matthew N McCall1, Min-Sik Kim2,3, Mohammed Adil4

  • 1Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.

Genome Research
|September 8, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study maps human cell-specific microRNA expression using billions of RNA reads. It reveals novel microRNAs and processing variations, offering insights into gene regulation and disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial gene regulators in development and disease.
  • Understanding cell-specific miRNA expression is vital due to their cell-autonomous action.
  • Existing tissue-level data is confusing, and comprehensive cell-level data is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish the landscape of human cell-specific microRNA expression.
  • To identify novel microRNAs and analyze miRNA processing variability.
  • To demonstrate the utility of cell-specific miRNA data in complex biological samples.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 8 billion small RNA sequencing reads from diverse human cell types, cell lines, and tissues.
  • Correlated miRNA expression patterns with superenhancer activity.
  • Investigated unaligned RNA reads for novel miRNA discovery and analyzed isomiR profiles.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific and ubiquitous miRNA expression patterns linked to superenhancer activity.
  • Discovered 207 novel passenger miRNAs and 495 putative novel miRNA loci.
  • Observed increased miRNA processing variability (isomiRs) in cancer cell lines compared to primary cells.

Conclusions:

  • Provides the first comprehensive map of human cell-specific miRNA expression.
  • Highlights the role of superenhancers in regulating miRNA expression.
  • Cell-specific miRNA data can de-convolute tissue composition and offers new understanding of miRNA functions.