Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

91.6K
Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
91.6K
Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

5.1K
 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the...
5.1K
Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition01:02

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition

3.2K
Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of...
3.2K
Solution Equilibrium and Saturation01:59

Solution Equilibrium and Saturation

22.4K
Imagine adding a small amount of sugar to a glass of water, stirring until all the sugar has dissolved, and then adding a bit more. You can repeat this process until the sugar concentration of the solution reaches its natural limit, a limit determined primarily by the relative strengths of the solute-solute, solute-solvent, and solvent-solvent attractive forces. You can be certain that you have reached this limit because, no matter how long you stir the solution, undissolved sugar remains. The...
22.4K
Non-equilibrium in the Cell01:16

Non-equilibrium in the Cell

5.5K
An important concept in studying metabolism and energy is that of chemical equilibrium. Most chemical reactions are reversible. They can proceed in both directions, releasing energy into their environment in one direction, and absorbing it from the environment in the other direction. The same is true for the chemical reactions involved in cell metabolism, such as the breaking down and building up of proteins into and from individual amino acids, respectively. Reactants within a closed system...
5.5K
Colloids and Suspensions01:17

Colloids and Suspensions

3.6K
Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 14 Tesla of Prostate Biopsies Obtained after Prostatectomy.

NMR in biomedicine·2026
Same author

Correction to: Preoperative risk assessment of endometrial cancer using histogram analysis of weighted and quantitative MRI images.

Abdominal radiology (New York)·2026
Same author

The chaperone DNAJB6b halts amyloid formation through association with transient Aβ oligomers.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Growth of fatty acid vesicles coupled with amino acid sequences of peptides toward evolvable protocells.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same author

Self-Supervised Deep Learning Framework for Rician Distribution Based Denoising and Modeling of Multi-b Prostate Diffusion MRI.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2026
Same author

Supramolecular Assembly of Collagen-Mimetic Peptide D-Periodic Fibrils and Nanoassemblies.

Biomacromolecules·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Highly Stable, Functional Hairy Nanoparticles and Biopolymers from Wood Fibers: Towards Sustainable Nanotechnology
11:32

Highly Stable, Functional Hairy Nanoparticles and Biopolymers from Wood Fibers: Towards Sustainable Nanotechnology

Published on: July 20, 2016

12.6K

Stable, metastable and unstable cellulose solutions.

Marta Gubitosi1, Pegah Nosrati1, Mona Koder Hamid1

  • 1Physical Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.

Royal Society Open Science
|September 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) solubility in tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) increases with TBAH concentration. Three dissolution regimes were identified, impacting cellulose stability and precipitation.

Keywords:
cellulose aggregationcellulose dissolutioncellulose regenerationsmall-angle X-ray scatteringstrong alkali solventstetrabutylammonium hydroxide

More Related Videos

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation
11:26

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation

Published on: June 17, 2014

17.2K
Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids
07:25

Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids

Published on: January 9, 2017

12.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Highly Stable, Functional Hairy Nanoparticles and Biopolymers from Wood Fibers: Towards Sustainable Nanotechnology
11:32

Highly Stable, Functional Hairy Nanoparticles and Biopolymers from Wood Fibers: Towards Sustainable Nanotechnology

Published on: July 20, 2016

12.6K
Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation
11:26

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation

Published on: June 17, 2014

17.2K
Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids
07:25

Green and Low-cost Production of Thermally Stable and Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils Using Highly Recyclable Dicarboxylic Acids

Published on: January 9, 2017

12.4K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Cellulose dissolution is crucial for its processing and applications.
  • Aqueous tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) is a strong alkali solvent for cellulose.
  • Understanding cellulose polymorph solubility is key to controlling its dissolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the dissolution states of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in aqueous TBAH.
  • To investigate the influence of TBAH concentration on cellulose solubility.
  • To compare the solubility of cellulose I and cellulose II polymorphs.

Main Methods:

  • Turbidity measurements to assess solution clarity and aggregation.
  • Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to probe molecular structure and ordering.
  • Varying concentrations of aqueous TBAH to study solubility limits.

Main Results:

  • Cellulose solubility increases with TBAH concentration, driven by neutralization.
  • Cellulose I exhibits higher solubility than cellulose II in TBAH.
  • Three dissolution regimes were identified: stable (molecularly dissolved), metastable (minor aggregation), and unstable (precipitation of cellulose II).

Conclusions:

  • Aqueous TBAH enables controlled dissolution and potential precipitation of cellulose.
  • The observed solubility differences between cellulose polymorphs are critical for understanding dissolution behavior.
  • This study provides insights into cellulose-solvent interactions relevant for biomass processing and material design.