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Diabetes and pachymetry changes in pregnancy.

Florence Santiagu1,2, Azam Bakhtiari3, Tajunisah Iqbal3

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Central corneal thickness (CCT) decreased postpartum in all pregnancy groups, but diabetes mellitus did not significantly influence these changes. Thicker CCT during pregnancy correlated with thicker CCT postpartum, without affecting vision.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Pregnancy and diabetes mellitus can affect physiological parameters.
  • Central corneal thickness (CCT) is a key ocular metric.
  • Understanding CCT changes during pregnancy is crucial for eye health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in central corneal thickness (CCT).
  • To compare CCT during the third trimester and postpartum.
  • To assess CCT in normal pregnancy, pregestational diabetes mellitus (DM), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study design.
  • Recruitment from obstetric clinics.
  • Ophthalmic and hematological assessments in the third trimester and 6 weeks postpartum.

Main Results:

  • CCT decreased postpartum across all groups (normal pregnancy, DM, GDM).
  • No significant CCT difference was found between the third trimester and postpartum phases within groups.
  • Thicker CCT in the third trimester predicted thicker CCT postpartum (p <0.001), irrespective of diabetes status.
  • These CCT changes did not impact refractive error or visual acuity.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancy-related diabetes mellitus (DM) did not appear to influence central corneal thickness (CCT) changes.
  • Individual CCT stability was observed from pregnancy to postpartum.