[Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections].

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Dermatology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are common, presenting as reddened, swollen skin.
• Cellulitis (phlegmon), erysipelas, and abscesses are the most frequent SSTIs.
• Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the differential diagnoses of bacterial SSTIs.
• To outline appropriate empirical antibiotic strategies for common SSTIs.
• To highlight pathogens of concern, including Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of bacterial SSTIs.
• Analysis of common pathogens and their antibiotic sensitivities.
• Discussion of treatment guidelines for different SSTI types.

Main Results:

• Erysipelas is typically caused by streptococci, treated with penicillin.
• Abscesses and phlegmon warrant empirical therapy targeting Staphylococcus aureus.
• Gram-negative and anaerobic bacteria may be involved in specific patient groups.
• Severe necrotizing SSTIs demand urgent broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgery.
• Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an increasing concern.

Conclusions:

• Tailored antibiotic selection is vital for bacterial SSTIs.
• Staphylococcus aureus, including MRSA, should be considered in empirical treatment.
• Prompt surgical intervention is critical for severe necrotizing infections.