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Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

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Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
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Isomerism in Complexes
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Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition
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Multiferroic Compounds with Double-Perovskite Structures.

Yuichi Shimakawa1, Masaki Azuma2, Noriya Ichikawa3

  • 1Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan. shimak@scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers synthesized novel multiferroic materials, Bi₂NiMnO₆ and Bi₂FeCrO₆, exhibiting both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties. These double-perovskite compounds show promise for advanced electronic applications.

Keywords:
artificial superlatticedouble-perovskite structureepitaxially grown thin filmferromagnetic and ferroelectric propertieshigh-pressure synthesized bulk

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Multiferroic materials, exhibiting simultaneous ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties, are crucial for next-generation electronic devices.
  • Double-perovskite structures offer a promising platform for designing novel multiferroic compounds.
  • Understanding the relationship between crystal structure, ion ordering, and emergent properties is key to material design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize new multiferroic compounds with double-perovskite structures.
  • To investigate the structure-property relationships governing ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in these materials.
  • To explore the potential of these materials for applications requiring simultaneous magnetic and electric ordering.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Bi₂NiMnO₆ in bulk form using high-pressure techniques.
  • Epitaxial growth of Bi₂NiMnO₆ thin films.
  • Fabrication of a Bi₂FeCrO₆ artificial superlattice via (1 1 1) oriented BiFeO₃/BiCrO₃ stacking.

Main Results:

  • Bi₂NiMnO₆ exhibited multiferroic properties (ferromagnetic and ferroelectric) at low temperatures.
  • Bi₂FeCrO₆ superlattice films displayed ferromagnetism and polarization switching at room temperature.
  • Ferroelectricity was attributed to Bi³⁺-ion distortion, while ferromagnetism resulted from B-site ion ordering (Ni²⁺/Mn⁴⁺ or Fe³⁺/Cr³⁺) following the Kanamori-Goodenough rule.

Conclusions:

  • Successful synthesis of novel double-perovskite multiferroics, Bi₂NiMnO₆ and Bi₂FeCrO₆.
  • Demonstrated correlation between A-site distortion and B-site ordering with multiferroic behavior.
  • These findings pave the way for designing advanced multiferroic materials with tunable properties.