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Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
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Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

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The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in...
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Compact Bone01:27

Compact Bone

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Most bones contain compact and spongy osseous tissue, but their distribution and concentration vary based on the bone's overall function.
Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is the denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It is found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones, where it provides support and protection. The microscopic structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or haversian system. Each osteon is composed of concentric rings of calcified...
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Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

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Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation
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Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

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Acromegaly and bone.

Filippo Maffezzoni1,2, Anna M Formenti3,4

  • 1Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy - filippo.maffezzoni@libero.it.

Minerva Endocrinologica
|September 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Excess growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) can harm bone health, increasing fracture risk in acromegaly patients. New tools help detect skeletal damage, even with normal bone mineral density (BMD).

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Skeletal Biology

Background:

  • Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) significantly influence skeletal health, affecting bone formation and resorption.
  • Excessive GH and IGF-I in acromegaly lead to heightened bone turnover, microarchitectural deterioration, and increased fracture risk.
  • Factors like hypogonadism, diabetes, and vitamin D deficiency can exacerbate bone impairment in acromegaly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of bone impairment in acromegaly.
  • To highlight the limitations of current diagnostic tools in predicting fractures.
  • To introduce novel radiological and clinical devices for assessing bone health in acromegaly.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on GH/IGF-I effects on bone.
  • Analysis of clinical observations regarding bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk in acromegaly.
  • Evaluation of new diagnostic technologies for bone microarchitecture assessment.

Main Results:

  • Acromegaly, despite potential normalization of bone turnover post-treatment, is associated with persistent elevated fracture risk.
  • Bone mineral density (BMD) may not reliably predict fracture risk in acromegaly patients.
  • Advanced imaging techniques reveal significant impairment in both cortical and cancellous bone in acromegaly.

Conclusions:

  • Bone health is significantly compromised in acromegaly, extending beyond BMD measurements.
  • There is a critical need for improved diagnostic tools to identify fracture risk in acromegaly.
  • Understanding bone impairment pathophysiology is crucial for managing acromegaly patients and preventing fractures.