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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

Cis-regulatory Sequences

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)02:30

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

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Biotin-based Pulldown Assay to Validate mRNA Targets of Cellular miRNAs
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Folate and microRNA: Bidirectional interactions.

Emma L Beckett1, Martin Veysey2, Mark Lucock3

  • 1School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Australia.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|September 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low folate status increases disease risk, with emerging evidence showing a bidirectional relationship between folate and microRNA (miRNA). Folate influences miRNA levels, while miRNAs regulate folate metabolism, impacting DNA methylation and cellular processes.

Keywords:
CancerDevelopmentFolateFolic acidNeural tube defectsmicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Low folate status is associated with increased risks of developmental disorders, cancers, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Aberrant microRNA (miRNA) profiles are characteristic of these conditions, prompting investigation into the folate-miRNA relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the bidirectional associations between folate status and microRNA (miRNA) profiles.
  • To explore the role of miRNAs in regulating folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and vice versa.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging evidence linking folate levels to miRNA regulation.
  • Examination of miRNA's role in modulating enzymes of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism.
  • Consideration of epigenetic mechanisms influencing miRNA expression and folate pathways.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests folate levels can modulate miRNA expression.
  • miRNAs are implicated in regulating enzymes crucial for one-carbon metabolism, including DNA methylation.
  • Potential bidirectional interactions between folate status and miRNA profiles are indicated.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between folate status and miRNA profiles is complex and likely bidirectional.
  • miRNAs may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing or predicting conditions linked to folate status.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for elucidating disease mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies.