[Doses to organs at risk for conformational and stereotactic radiotherapy: Bladder]

Bladder dose constraints in case of conformational radiotherapy/intensity-modulated radiotherapy and stereotactic radiotherapy are reported from the literature, in particular from the French radiotherapy society RECORAD recommendations, according to the treated pelvic tumor sites. The dose-volume effect on urinary toxicity is not clearly demonstrated, making difficult to establish absolute dose constraints for the bladder. In case of high-dose prostate cancer radiotherapy, the bladder dose constraints are: V60Gy<50% and maximum dose<80Gy for standard fractionation and V60Gy<5%, V48Gy<25% and V41Gy<50% for moderate hypofractionation (20 fractions of 3Gy). In case of prostate stereotactic radiotherapy (five fractions of 7.25Gy), the most frequent dose constraints in the literature are V37Gy<10cm³ and V18Gy<40%. In case of conformational radiotherapy of cervix cancer, postoperative endometrium, anal canal and rectum, the recommendations are V40Gy<40% and D2% lower than the prescribed dose.