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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Primatology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Great apes exhibit metacognitive information seeking, primarily studied in relation to food acquisition.
  • A domain-general cognitive process for metacognition in apes requires demonstrating this behavior with non-food items.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether selective information seeking in great apes extends to non-food items.
  • To determine if metacognitive abilities in chimpanzees and orangutans are domain-general.

Main Methods:

  • Chimpanzees and orangutans were tested on their ability to determine the location of food or the property of a tool.
  • Information availability was manipulated (prior knowledge vs. no prior knowledge).
  • Information-seeking behavior was measured during test phases.

Main Results:

  • Apes sought information more when they lacked prior knowledge, regardless of whether the item was food or a tool.
  • This selective information-seeking pattern was consistent across both food and tool tasks.
  • Evidence supports a domain-general metacognitive process in apes.

Conclusions:

  • Great ape metacognition is not limited to food-related contexts.
  • Selective information seeking in apes extends to non-food items, supporting a domain-general cognitive process.
  • These findings advance our understanding of ape cognition and the evolution of metacognition.