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Basic Emotions in Human Neuroscience: Neuroimaging and Beyond.

Alessia Celeghin1,2, Matteo Diano1,2, Arianna Bagnis2

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Neuroimaging and lesion studies support neurobiological underpinnings for basic emotions. The brain

Keywords:
basic emotionsblindsightfMRI meta-analysislesion studiesneuropsychologypluripotentialityvisual awareness

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • The existence and neural basis of basic emotions remain debated in psychology and neuroscience.
  • Neuroimaging meta-analytic methods have reignited discussions on unique neural substrates for basic emotions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review neuroimaging and neuropsychological evidence regarding the neural bases of basic emotions.
  • To evaluate constructionist critiques and propose an updated neurobiological framework for understanding emotion processing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroimaging (PET, fMRI) meta-analytic studies.
  • Analysis of evidence from neuropsychology, including lesion studies.
  • Consideration of data on basic emotions, awareness, and brain damage.

Main Results:

  • Contradictory findings exist, but evidence for neurobiological underpinnings of basic emotions is substantial.
  • Lesion studies provide causal evidence for specific brain structures in emotion processing.
  • Traditional one-to-one localization models are insufficient; pluripotentiality offers a more accurate framework.

Conclusions:

  • The concept of basic emotions is viable when updated with current neurobiological knowledge.
  • A pluripotentiality model, where neural structures serve multiple functions, better explains the brain-emotion relationship.
  • Future research should move beyond simple localization to network-based approaches.