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Norovirus: new developments and implications for travelers' diarrhea
Mark P Simons1, Brian L Pike2, Christine E Hulseberg3
1U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No.6 (NAMRU-6), Venezuela Ave, Block 36, Callao 2, Lima, Peru.
Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines
|September 9, 2017
Summary
Noroviruses cause significant acute gastroenteritis globally. This review explores their role in travelers' diarrhea, highlighting diagnostic challenges and the potential for vaccine trials in travelers.
Area of Science:
- Medical Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Noroviruses are a primary cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in the US and worldwide.
- While implicated in various settings, norovirus's role in travelers' diarrhea is not well-established.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology, diagnostics, treatment, and vaccine development for noroviruses in travelers' diarrhea.
- To assess the current understanding and future directions for norovirus as a cause of illness in travelers.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on norovirus prevalence in travelers' diarrhea.
- Analysis of diagnostic capabilities and limitations for norovirus detection.
- Examination of ongoing norovirus vaccine development efforts.
Main Results:
- Norovirus prevalence in travelers' diarrhea cases ranges from 10-65% in reported studies.
- Underestimation of norovirus prevalence is likely due to rapid symptom onset, short illness duration, and diagnostic limitations.
- Further research is needed to determine accurate prevalence rates across different travel destinations.
Conclusions:
- Noroviruses are an important, though potentially underestimated, cause of travelers' diarrhea.
- Improved diagnostics and vaccine development are crucial for managing norovirus infections in travelers.
- Travelers represent a key demographic for future norovirus vaccine clinical trials.
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