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Podophyllotoxin: a novel potential natural anticancer agent.

Hamidreza Ardalani1, Amir Avan2,3, Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan2,3

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PubMed
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Podophyllotoxin (PTOX) is a plant-derived compound with antitumor properties, inhibiting cancer cell growth by disrupting tubulin polymerization. Alternative sources are needed due to challenges in PTOX biosynthesis.

Keywords:
AnticancerAntitumorLignansNatural productsPodophyllotoxin

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Podophyllotoxin (PTOX) is a significant plant-derived lignan.
  • PTOX derivatives like etoposide and teniposide are established cancer therapies.
  • Its structure is linked to antineoplastic and antiviral activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role, biosynthesis, and characteristics of Podophyllotoxin (PTOX).
  • Emphasis on key biosynthesis processes, enzyme functions, and gene characterization.
  • To highlight PTOX as a potential antitumor agent.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search using Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus.
  • Focused on studies published in English until the end of 2016.
  • Included identification, characterization, fermentation, and therapeutic effects of PTOX.

Main Results:

  • PTOX, sourced from *Podophyllum* species, inhibits cell growth by disrupting tubulin polymerization and arresting the cell cycle.
  • Ferulic acid and methylenedioxy substituted cinnamic acid are implicated in PTOX synthesis.
  • PTOX derivatives are used to treat cancers and venereal warts.

Conclusions:

  • Biosynthesis efforts via plant cultivation have been unsuccessful, necessitating alternative PTOX sources.
  • Further preclinical research is crucial to elucidate molecular mechanisms in cancer treatment.
  • Investigating PTOX's potential to overcome tumor cell chemoresistance is warranted.