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Neutrophils as Components of Mucosal Homeostasis

Caroline H T Hall1,2, Eric L Campbell2,3,4, Sean P Colgan2,3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|September 9, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Neutrophils, or polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), are crucial in intestinal inflammation. Understanding their interaction with epithelial cells is key to managing mucosal inflammation and promoting tissue repair.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Inflammatory responses in the intestinal mucosa involve neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte [PMN]) recruitment.
  • Epithelial cells are critical in regulating PMN behavior at inflammatory sites.
  • PMN-epithelial interactions significantly influence tissue responses and organ function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on the role of PMNs in mucosal inflammation.
  • To emphasize the impact of the tissue microenvironment on PMN function.
  • To explore pathways that promote epithelial restitution during inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on PMN-epithelial interactions in mucosal inflammation.
  • Analysis of the role of the tissue microenvironment.
  • Examination of pathways involved in epithelial repair.

Main Results:

  • PMNs play a more significant role in shaping immune responses than previously recognized.
  • PMN-epithelial interactions are complex and influence inflammation development and resolution.
  • The tissue microenvironment critically affects PMN function in the mucosa.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding PMN contributions is vital for comprehending mucosal inflammation.
  • Epithelial restitution pathways are important in resolving inflammation.
  • Treating mucosal inflammation is challenging due to the complexity of inflammatory pathways.
Keywords:
ATP, adenosine triphosphataseCGD, chronic granulomatous diseaseDMOG, dimethyloxalylglycineEpitheliumGI, gastrointestinalHIF, hypoxia-inducible factorHypoxia-Inducible FactorIBD, inflammatory bowel diseaseICAM-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1IL, interleukinInflammationMetabolismMicrobiotaNADPH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatePHD, prolyl-hydroxylasePMN, polymorphonuclear leukocyteSIRPα, signal-regulatory protein-α

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