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An Energy Efficient Technique Using Electric Active Shielding for Capacitive Coupling Intra-Body Communication.

Chao Ma1, Zhonghua Huang2, Zhiqi Wang3

  • 1School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China. 20081124@bit.edu.cn.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Capacitive coupling intra-body communication (CC-IBC) faces energy loss due to signal-ground coupling. An electric active shielding method significantly reduces this loss, improving power efficiency for healthcare sensor networks.

Keywords:
capacitive couplingelectric active shieldingenergy efficiencyfinite element method (FEM)intra-body sensor networks

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Capacitive coupling intra-body communication (CC-IBC) is a promising technology for healthcare sensor networks due to its energy efficiency, high transmission rates, and security.
  • A significant challenge in CC-IBC is energy loss caused by electric field coupling between signal (SIG) and ground (GND) electrodes, acting as internal impedance.
  • Previous research has not fully addressed the underlying theory and mitigation of this specific energy loss mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and quantitatively evaluate the theory behind energy loss in CC-IBC systems due to SIG-GND electrode coupling.
  • To propose and validate a novel method, electric active shielding, to reduce this displacement current and associated power loss.
  • To analyze the impact of frequency and body placement on energy loss in CC-IBC.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical investigation and quantitative evaluation of energy loss using conventional electrical parameters.
  • Development and application of an electric active shielding technique to minimize SIG-GND displacement current.
  • Finite element method (FEM) simulation and experimental measurements for theory validation.
  • Analysis of energy loss variations across different frequencies and body positions.

Main Results:

  • The study elucidates the theoretical basis of energy loss in CC-IBC systems.
  • The proposed electric active shielding method effectively reduces displacement current between SIG and GND electrodes.
  • Experimental results demonstrate an approximate 5.5 dBm improvement in receiving power.
  • The technique achieves a maximum reduction of 9 mW in total power consumption.

Conclusions:

  • The electric active shielding method offers a viable solution to mitigate power loss in CC-IBC.
  • This technique enhances the energy efficiency of the physical layer for wearable and implantable healthcare sensor networks.
  • The findings provide a foundation for more efficient and reliable intra-body communication systems in healthcare applications.