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The decrease in non-specific suppressor T lymphocytes in female hyperthyroid Graves' disease is secondary to the

H C Gerstein1, B Rastogi, Y Iwatani

  • 1Department of Medicine, Wellesley Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Clinical and Investigative Medicine. Medecine Clinique Et Experimentale
|July 1, 1987
PubMed
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Peripheral T lymphocyte subsets are altered in hyperthyroid Graves' disease, with decreased T suppressor cells. These levels normalize after radioactive iodine therapy, indicating immune system recovery in autoimmune thyroid disease.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets play a role in autoimmune thyroid diseases.
  • Previous studies used limited monoclonal antibodies to analyze T cell subsets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate T lymphocyte subset changes in Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis using advanced flow cytometry.
  • To compare T cell profiles between hyperthyroid patients, treated patients, and controls.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 2-colour flow cytometry with multiple monoclonal antibodies (anti-Leu-8, anti-Leu-15, Leu 1+, Leu 3a+, Leu 2a+) to enumerate T cell subsets.
  • Analyzed T cell populations in 22 hyperthyroid Graves' disease patients, 38 131I-treated Graves' disease patients, and 10 Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients.

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Main Results:

  • Hyperthyroid Graves' disease patients showed significantly reduced T suppressor/cytotoxic cells, primarily due to a decrease in T suppressor cells.
  • Severe hyperthyroidism correlated with a more pronounced reduction in T suppressor/cytotoxic and T suppressor cells, and altered T helper/suppressor ratios.
  • Patients euthyroid over a year post-131I therapy exhibited normal T cell subsets, irrespective of auto-antibody levels.

Conclusions:

  • T lymphocyte subset alterations, particularly decreased T suppressor cells, are characteristic of active hyperthyroid Graves' disease.
  • Radioactive iodine therapy appears to restore normal T cell profiles in patients with Graves' disease.
  • Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients in this cohort displayed normal T cell subsets.