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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Interleukin 34, from pathogenesis to clinical applications.

Muhammad Baghdadi1, Hiraku Endo1, Yoshino Tanaka1

  • 1Division of Immunobiology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Japan.

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Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a cytokine regulating myeloid cells. Its unique expression and signaling patterns link it to disease severity, offering potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Interleukin-34 (IL-34) is a hematopoietic cytokine identified as a second ligand for CSF1R, alongside M-CSF.
  • Despite functional similarities to M-CSF, IL-34 exhibits distinct signaling and expression profiles.
  • Physiologically, IL-34 regulates Langerhans cells and microglia in the epidermis and CNS, respectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the emerging roles of IL-34 in disease.
  • To focus on the clinical applications of IL-34 in medicine.
  • To highlight IL-34's potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on IL-34.
  • Analysis of IL-34's expression patterns under physiological and pathological conditions.
  • Examination of IL-34's correlation with disease severity and progression.

Main Results:

  • IL-34 expression can be induced by NF-κB under pathological conditions.
  • Growing evidence links IL-34 to increased disease severity, chronicity, and progression.
  • IL-34 demonstrates potential as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.

Conclusions:

  • IL-34 plays significant roles in various diseases.
  • IL-34 represents a promising therapeutic target.
  • Further research into IL-34's clinical applications is warranted.