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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
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Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Nature and Nurture01:10

Nature and Nurture

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Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience,...
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Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

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The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Genetics, hormonal influences, and preterm birth.

Kara M Rood1, Catalin S Buhimschi1

  • 1Division Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43215.

Seminars in Perinatology
|September 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Understanding the genetic basis of preterm birth is crucial for preventing neonatal morbidity and mortality. While candidate gene and genome-wide studies are identifying risk variants, definitive results for personalized therapies are still lacking.

Keywords:
GenesHormonesParturitionReceptors

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Genetics
  • Neonatal medicine

Background:

  • Prematurity significantly contributes to neonatal morbidity and mortality.
  • Maternal genetic and hormonal factors influence preterm birth risk.
  • Current understanding of genetic predispositions for preterm birth remains incomplete.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of genetic and hormonal research in preterm birth.
  • To identify potential genetic variants associated with preterm delivery risk.
  • To assess the progress towards personalized therapeutic strategies for preventing premature birth.

Main Methods:

  • Review of candidate gene studies.
  • Analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
  • Examination of hormonal signaling pathways involved in myometrial contractility.

Main Results:

  • Candidate gene and GWAS approaches are exploring genetic variants linked to preterm birth.
  • Progesterone signaling is a key hormonal pathway investigated.
  • Studies have not yet yielded definitive results for clinical application.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic research is advancing the understanding of preterm birth.
  • Personalized therapies for preterm birth prevention are not yet established.
  • Further research is needed to translate genetic findings into clinical practice.