Allergy rhinitis: similarities and differences between children and adults

Area of Science:

• Allergen immunotherapy
• Pediatric allergy
• Clinical immunology

Background:

• Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a widespread global health issue.
• Existing research on AR lacks comparative analysis between pediatric and adult patient groups.
• This study addresses the gap by comparing AR characteristics in children and adults.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the distinct characteristics of allergic rhinitis (AR) in pediatric and adult populations.
• To identify differences in AR presentation, severity, and comorbidities between age groups.

Main Methods:

• Observational, cross-sectional, multicenter studies were conducted on two AR cohorts in Spain (children and adults).
• AR classification utilized classical, original (o-ARIA), and modified (m-ARIA) criteria.
• Symptom severity was assessed using Total 4-Symptoms Score (T4SS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS); comorbidities were also evaluated.

Main Results:

• Intermittent AR was more prevalent in children than adults.
• Moderate/severe AR (o-ARIA) and severe AR (m-ARIA) were more frequent in children.
• Adults reported higher T4SS and VAS scores, indicating more pronounced symptoms and severity.
• Asthma, atopic dermatitis, and conjunctivitis were more common comorbidities in children with AR.

Conclusions:

• Pediatric AR is characterized by intermittency, greater severity, fewer symptoms, and a higher burden of comorbidities compared to adult AR.
• Significant differences exist in AR presentation and impact between children and adults, despite shared underlying mechanisms.