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Related Concept Videos

Transposons01:24

Transposons

2.2K
Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Transgenic Organisms00:53

Transgenic Organisms

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Overview
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In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

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To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks
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Microinjection for Transgenesis and Genome Editing in Threespine Sticklebacks

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Transposons As Tools for Functional Genomics in Vertebrate Models.

Koichi Kawakami1, David A Largaespada2, Zoltán Ivics3

  • 1Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan; These authors contributed equally to this work.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|September 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Transposon-based genetic tools enable efficient gene function discovery in vertebrate models. These strategies facilitate forward mutagenesis screens for understanding genetic networks and disease mechanisms.

Keywords:
animal modelsforward geneticsgenetic screensgenomicsinsertional mutagenesisstem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Transposable elements offer powerful tools for genetic manipulation in vertebrate models.
  • Understanding gene function is crucial for advancing biological research and disease study.
  • Current methods require efficient strategies for large-scale genetic analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present novel transposon-based genetic tools for gene function annotation in vertebrates.
  • To highlight versatile strategies for creating engineered chromosomes for mutagenesis.
  • To enable both loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a battery of mutagenic cassettes with transposon vectors.
  • Employing transposon-based forward mutagenesis screens.
  • Generating engineered chromosomes for precise genetic modifications.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the utility of transposons for chromosomal manipulation and gene mutagenesis.
  • Showcased the advantages of high-throughput screening for identifying mutated alleles.
  • Provided insights into genetic networks and pathways through phenotypic analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Transposon-based strategies are effective for functional gene annotation in vertebrate models like zebrafish, mice, and rats.
  • These tools facilitate the study of genetic basis of diseases, including cancer.
  • The described methods offer versatile approaches for genetic research and discovery.