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Related Concept Videos

Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

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The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:19

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Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm01:19

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The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Spatial distribution of conduction disorders during sinus rhythm.

Eva A H Lanters1, Ameeta Yaksh1, Christophe P Teuwen1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, 's Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

International Journal of Cardiology
|September 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Conduction block (CB) in the atria varies significantly between individuals but shows a predilection site. Extensiveness of CB does not predict atrial fibrillation (AF) risk or block elsewhere in the atria.

Keywords:
Conduction blockConduction disordersCoronary artery diseaseMappingSinus rhythm

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Atrial Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Conduction block (CB) at Bachmann's bundle (BB) is linked to atrial fibrillation (AF).
  • The relationship between BB CB extensiveness and CB in other atrial regions remains unclear.
  • Investigating CB distribution and its association with post-operative AF is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the spatial distribution and extent of CB during sinus rhythm (SR).
  • To identify potential predilection sites for CB.
  • To determine the association between CB and the incidence of post-operative AF.

Main Methods:

  • Epicardial mapping of the right atrium (RA), BB, and left atrium in 209 patients during SR.
  • Quantification of conduction delay (CD) and CB as a percentage of the mapping area.
  • Comparison of atrial regions to find predilection sites and correlation analysis with clinical data.

Main Results:

  • CD and CB were present in all patients, with a low overall prevalence.
  • CB distribution varied, predominantly occurring in the superior intercaval RA.
  • No correlation was found between CB extensiveness and post-operative AF incidence.

Conclusions:

  • Atrial CD/CB in non-remodeled atria during SR exhibits significant intra-atrial and inter-individual variability.
  • A predilection site for CD/CB exists in the superior intercaval RA.
  • CB extensiveness at the superior intercaval RA or BB does not correlate with CB elsewhere or post-operative AF.