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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

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Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
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Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
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Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

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Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Developing a Disposable Dosator for Preclinical Testing of Dry Powder Inhalers in Small Animal Models
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Light-switchable systems for remotely controlled drug delivery.

Gayong Shim1, Seungbeom Ko1, Dongyoon Kim1

  • 1College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society
|September 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Light-switchable systems offer a new paradigm for remotely controlled drug delivery, overcoming limitations of traditional methods. These systems use light to precisely control drug release, independent of biological factors.

Keywords:
Light-switchable systemPhotochemical activationPhotoisomerizationPhotothermal activationRemotely controlled delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Traditional nanomedicine struggles with clinical translation due to reliance on cell receptors or disease microenvironments.
  • Pathophysiology-based drug targeting faces challenges with biological heterogeneity, limiting efficacy.
  • A paradigm shift is needed to overcome current nanomedicine limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review light-switchable systems as a novel approach for remotely controlled drug delivery.
  • To highlight the advantages of light-triggered systems over pathophysiology-based targeting.
  • To discuss the current status and future directions of light-switchable drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on light-switchable drug delivery systems.
  • Analysis of mechanisms involving light-induced heat or reactive oxygen species.
  • Examination of applications in endosomal escape, drug release modulation, and nanoparticle structural changes.

Main Results:

  • Light-switchable systems are not affected by biological heterogeneity, offering precise spatio-temporal control.
  • These systems utilize near-infrared light to trigger photoresponsive molecules or nanostructures.
  • Applications include controlled release of chemical and biological drugs and altered release kinetics.

Conclusions:

  • Light-switchable systems represent a promising alternative to pathophysiology-based drug delivery.
  • Remote light control offers superior precision and overcomes biological variability.
  • Further research into light-switchable systems can advance clinical nanomedicine applications.