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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes01:24

Bacterial Phylum Tenericutes

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The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
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Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain
05:02

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Published on: October 2, 2018

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Mycoplasmas: Brain invaders?

Rubén S Rosales1, Roberto Puleio2, Guido R Loria2

  • 1Instituto Universitario de Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/Trasmontaña s/n, Arucas, 35416, Gran Canaria, Spain.

Research in Veterinary Science
|September 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mycoplasmas, bacteria lacking cell walls, can infect the central nervous system (CNS) in various animals and humans. This review highlights their role in causing neurological diseases like encephalitis and ataxia.

Keywords:
BrainCentral nervous systemMollicutesMycoplasmasSpiroplasmasTSE

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Mycoplasmas are known pathogens causing respiratory, autoimmune, genital, and joint diseases in humans and animals.
  • Certain Mycoplasma species, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, have been implicated in severe human central nervous system (CNS) diseases like encephalitis.
  • Less common Mycoplasma species are increasingly recognized for their neuroinvasive potential across diverse hosts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Mycoplasma species' involvement in CNS diseases across various animal species and humans.
  • To consolidate evidence linking specific Mycoplasmas to neurological conditions such as encephalitis, ataxia, and meningitis.
  • To explore potential mechanisms of Mycoplasma brain invasion and their contribution to neuropathology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications detailing Mycoplasma isolation and identification from CNS tissues.
  • Analysis of histopathological findings and clinical signs associated with Mycoplasma CNS infections in different animal models and human cases.
  • Examination of experimental studies investigating Mycoplasma pathogenesis and neuroinvasion routes.

Main Results:

  • Mycoplasma agalactiae, M. bovis, M. gallisepticum, and M. synoviae are identified as significant Mycoplasma pathogens affecting the CNS in sheep, cattle, and poultry, respectively.
  • Evidence suggests Mycoplasma species can cause non-purulent encephalitis, ataxia, abscesses, and meningitis.
  • Mycoplasma CNS infections have also been reported in marine mammals, and Spiroplasma species are investigated for a role in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs).

Conclusions:

  • Mycoplasmas represent an underappreciated group of neurotropic pathogens with significant implications for animal and potentially human health.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms of Mycoplasma entry into the CNS and their pathogenic roles.
  • Understanding Mycoplasma neurotropism is crucial for accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of neurological diseases.