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Updated: Feb 23, 2026
Minimally Invasive Establishment of Murine Orthotopic Bladder Xenografts
Published on: February 11, 2014
Patient-Derived Bladder Cancer Xenografts
Carina Bernardo1,2, Lúcio Lara Santos3,4
1Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group-Research Center, Portuguese Oncology Institute-Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal. carinadbernardo@gmail.com.
Abstract:
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX ) tumors are models developed by direct transplant of human tumors into immune-compromised hosts such as nude mice. These models retain the histological and genetic characteristics of the primary tumor and are considered a valuable platform for translational cancer research. This chapter describes the methodology to establish and propagate bladder cancer PDX model.
