The renin angiotensin system and the brain: New developments

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Cardiovascular Physiology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is crucial for sodium homeostasis, fluid volume, and arterial blood pressure regulation.
• Classical RAS involves renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin I (Ang-I), and angiotensin II (Ang-II) via angiotensin-1 converting enzyme (ACE).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review newly discovered findings on the RAS from 1990-2013.
• To specifically focus on the influence of the RAS on the central nervous system (CNS).

Main Methods:

• Literature search of peer-reviewed articles using PubMed, Google Scholar, and other databases.
• Focus on studies published between 1990 and 2013.

Main Results:

• The classical RAS is only a partial representation; additional RAS pathways exist in the brain and periphery.
• The RAS influences CNS functions including neuroprotection, cognition, and cerebral vasodilation.
• Brain RAS affects various biochemical pathways, offering targets for intervention.

Conclusions:

• The understanding of the RAS's role in the CNS has significantly expanded beyond its classical functions.
• The brain RAS presents potential therapeutic targets for neurological and cardiovascular conditions.
• Interventions may involve traditional pharmacology or gene expression control.