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Related Concept Videos

Induction01:16

Induction

5.8K
An emf is induced when the magnetic field in a coil is changed by pushing a bar magnet into or out of the coil. emfs of opposite signs are produced by motion in opposite directions, and the directions of emfs are also reversed by reversing poles. The same results are produced if the coil is moved rather than the magnet—it is the relative motion that is important. The faster the motion, the greater the emf. Additionally, there is no emf when the magnet is stationary relative to the coil.
A...
5.8K
Lenz's Law01:15

Lenz's Law

6.5K
The direction in which the induced emf drives the current around a wire loop can be found through the negative sign. However, it is usually easier to determine this direction with Lenz's law, named in honor of its discoverer, Heinrich Lenz (1804–1865). Lenz's law states that the direction of the induced emf drives the current around a wire loop always to oppose the change in magnetic flux that causes the emf.
If a bar magnet is moved toward a coil such that the magnetic flux...
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Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

2.8K
An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
2.8K
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

3.2K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
3.2K
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

3.1K
Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
3.1K
Induced Electric Fields01:23

Induced Electric Fields

4.7K
The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
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Interface-Induced Phenomena in Magnetism.

Frances Hellman1, Axel Hoffmann2, Yaroslav Tserkovnyak3

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores how interfaces influence magnetic properties, detailing phenomena like spin-orbit coupling and symmetry breaking. It highlights recent advances in interfacially-driven magnetism and future research avenues.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Surface science

Background:

  • Interfaces significantly alter fundamental magnetic properties.
  • Charge and spin transport across interfaces enable control of magnetic layers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review static and dynamic interfacial effects in magnetism.
  • To focus on recent scientific discoveries and future research directions.
  • To provide an overview of key concepts and phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Literature survey and historical background.
  • Focus on recent experimental and theoretical progress.
  • Discussion of phenomena like spin accumulation, spin currents, spin transfer torque, and spin pumping.

Main Results:

  • Interface-induced magnetism and non-collinear spin textures have been discovered.
  • Non-linear dynamics, including spin torque transfer and interface-induced magnetization reversal, are observed.
  • Interfacial effects are crucial in ultrafast magnetization processes.

Conclusions:

  • Interfaces play a critical role in advanced magnetic phenomena.
  • Understanding interfacial effects is key for future spintronic devices.
  • Further research into interfacially-driven magnetism promises exciting breakthroughs.