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Related Concept Videos

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

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Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

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The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...
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Stomach Histology01:26

Stomach Histology

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The stomach comprises several layers that work together to facilitate digestion and protect the organ. The outermost layer is called the serosa, which provides support and protection to the stomach. The muscularis externa layer is responsible for the mechanical breakdown of food by contracting and moving the stomach. The submucosa layer, located beneath the muscularis externa, contains connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and glands that secrete mucus and other substances essential for...
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Gross Anatomy of the Stomach01:16

Gross Anatomy of the Stomach

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The human stomach is a vital part of the digestive system, performing multiple functions. It is located within the peritoneum, a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity. The stomach plays a central role in processing food substances and interacts with other digestive organs through coordinated digestive processes. The stomach has a characteristic J-shape and is divided into four main regions. The cardia is the first section where the esophagus connects to the stomach and is the entry...
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Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Early Detection and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors
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Gastric cancer: Basic aspects.

Silvia Molina-Castro1,2, Joana Pereira-Marques3,4,5, Ceu Figueiredo3,4,6

  • 1INSERM, UMR1053 Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.

Helicobacter
|September 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gastric cancer, a deadly disease, is complex and driven by genetic changes and cancer stem cells. Understanding these factors improves treatment and patient selection for therapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Keywords:
gastric cancer stem cellsimmune checkpoint inhibitionmarkermicroRNAsmolecular classification

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide.
  • It is a heterogeneous disease arising from accumulated genetic and epigenetic alterations.
  • Gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) play a critical role in its development and heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an update on gastric cancer molecular classification.
  • To identify gastric cancer patient groups who may benefit from immune checkpoint therapy.
  • To review advances in understanding GCSCs as markers, therapeutic targets, and their associated signaling pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advancements in gastric cancer research.
  • Analysis of molecular classification data.
  • Examination of studies on GCSC properties and signaling.

Main Results:

  • Molecular classification is evolving, with specific subgroups showing promise for immune checkpoint therapy.
  • GCSCs are confirmed as key players in gastric cancer development and heterogeneity.
  • Significant progress has been made in identifying GCSC markers and therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding gastric cancer heterogeneity and GCSC roles is crucial for developing novel prevention and treatment strategies.
  • This knowledge aids in clinical management and patient stratification for targeted therapies.
  • Further research into GCSCs and molecular subtypes will enhance therapeutic efficacy.